Wednesday, June 6, 2012

the ambassadors of music






The Ambassadors of music

Nepali musicians, both classical and fusion, have made their mark in the international music scene.  Sur Sudha, Sukarma and Manose Singh are some of the most sought after artists when it comes to world music. Their style of music, their skill and expertise have mesmerized thousands of listeners not only in Nepal but in most parts of Europe and America. They are considered exotic not only because they play music of the Himalayas but because they have managed to hit the right chord in people’s heart.

Music has no boundaries and when it comes to Nepali classical and fusion musicians, they have traveled round the globe leaving listeners of different culture inquisitive about their music and about Nepal. Some of them have even started teaching music to foreign nationals and in the process have educated many about Nepali culture, art and tradition. Although their music in Nepal has not gained as much popularity, they have performed with some of the legendary musicians and maestros.

Many such Nepali musicians, who have experienced aura of applause in concerts from places like Rome to the Millennium Dome in London, have had humble beginnings. They are the masters of their own style on different instruments. But what all of them have in common is their undying passion and dedication to music.

The Trendsetters : Sur Sudha
In 1985, a few young people who were passionate about Nepali classical and folk music gathered at the French Cultural Centre (today, Alliance Frances) to participate in a music competition. Till then, this band had no name. Since it was a prerequisite that the group was known by a name rather than as individual performers, they were compelled to search for a suitable name. After much
research, they decided that they would call themselves Sur Sudha.

Undoubtedly, they captured the audience’s attention by their unique style of playing Nepali folk music on classical instruments. They were awarded the exposure they had been looking for in the guise of the first prize in the competition. Sur Sudha had their international debut performance in 1990 in France and since then, there has been no looking back.

Sur Sudha over the years has given astounding performances with world renowned maestros like Ustad Zakir Hussain, Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia and Gulam Ali in Kathmandu. “Two of the most memorable performances of Sur Sudha were when we had the opportunity to fuse with Kitaro, the Japanese composer and when we played for hundreds of Nepali listeners at the Stadium for the South Asian Games,” said Surendra, the tabla player. Surendra Shrestha, who has received a master’s degree in music from Prayag Sangeet Samiti, Allahabad, India considers being on the stage with some of the world’s cream their biggest achievement.

The pioneers of promoting Nepali culture through music, Sur Sudha has performed for audiences back home and abroad. But their performances in Europe outnumber the ones here and Surendra says that one of the reasons they love performing for the outside listeners is their special interest and feedback. “The audience in Europe is interested to learn more about our music. After every concert, many approach us to inquire about the instruments, our attire and Nepal. This gives immense satisfaction and encouragement and we have almost gotten addicted to it.”

In twenty years of their musical journey, Sur Sudha has imprinted melodies on people round the globe. Today, Sur Sudha have established themselves as one of the most popular and respected bands that play music with Nepalipan on eastern classical instruments. They were the trendsetters for those who sought to make Nepal popular for its traditional tunes. With their unique combination of tabla (Surendra Shrestha), flute (Prem Rana Autari) and sitar (Tarabir Tuladhar), Sur Sudha is truly the Nepali ambassadors of music.

Relentlessly Strung : Anil Shahi
Anil Shahi, a shy eastern classical guitarist panicked before he was to play at the Millennium Dome in London in 2000. It was his first debut performance for an international crowd. Only two days before, the Dome had come alive for pop stars Ricky Martin and Jennifer Lopez. Being his first performance ever in a crowd of that size, Shahi sweated until he started playing. The only memory of that performance later says Anil, was the echoing applause from the audience.

At a very young age of 13, Anil Shahi was certain that his life was going to be dedicated to music. With the sole purpose of learning music, he attended Gurukul in Banaras, India, where he relentlessly served the gurus of music for almost eight arduous years. Although he started as a student of classic flute, he ultimately found his niche with the strings of a guitar.

“Guitar is an instrument invented in the West and my specialty is eastern classical music. Combining the two is a challenge and I get an adrenalin rush every time I accomplish it,” says Shahi, who has also been composing music for Nepali feature films and already has nine films to his credit as a music director.

Anil Shahi with his peculiar style hitting classical notes have won him many fans in Nepal and abroad. He has till date traveled to India, Malaysia and England and is already booked for a series of shows. His first fusion debut album – Maya Mantra was a huge success, which established him as one of the great contributors of Nepali fusion music.

Holding a native western instrument and churning classical Nepali music, Anil Shahi has a reason to shy off from the crowd and that’s because he says, “there is still so much more to learn and I do not justify my music by flaunting the little skill I possess.”

The Sitar Guru : Dr. Drubesh Chandra Regmi
A fourth generation sitarist, Dr. Drubesh Chandra Regmi groomed himself under the guidance of his father and later became a protégé of the prominent sitar maestro Pundit Uma Shankar Mishra of Delhi. Though a student of Law, he has a colorful musical academic background. He was awarded Doctor of Philosophy in his thesis “The History of Music in Nepal with Special Reference to Classical Music during the Rana Period” from Delhi University, India, which substantiates his conscientiousness to the art he genuinely pursues.

“Classical music is the grammar of our traditional music. It is rigid and not digestible by all,” Dr. Regmi explains, “which could be the reason for it not being sellable with the modern listeners. Moreover, it is not patronized, facilitated and supported by the concerned authorities and has not received the importance it deserves.”

He also shares the responsibility of not being able to educate the locals on its value. He does not agree on its unpopularity and leaves the discretion to the public by saying, “How would you sample the popularity of classical music? Have you ever attended the classical music festival in Kathmandu or Kirataeshwor on a full moon night? Or have you just been acclimatized with personal opinions?”

His performance beams with the instant vocal response from the Eastern audience, as that is the characteristic of a classical concert this side of the planet. Though this is not the case with the western audience, who are earnestly demure, patient and respectful towards the performers, Dr. Regmi enjoys both audiences.

His first performance abroad was on a cruise ship in Hong Kong in the year 1990, the first milestone of his international career. He has also visited Italy, Germany, Austria, USA and the Kyrgyzstan with his music. Recipient of numerous national and international awards has not blemished his gentle eminence.

The demand for variation in music has inclined Dr. Regmi and the troupe that he belongs to Sukarma, to improvise classical music with folk. They seek to inspire appreciation of traditional music in young generations by playing raga and indigenous folk music in a way that is faithful to the spirit of the music but has a modern flavor. Having improvised with the likes of Peter Rowan, Danny Paradise, playing blues and jazz, he still has maintained his classical roots. At present, he has a few students who are learning the art without him charging them. He advises the aspiring musicians about the importance of education while perusing the path of music.

The theme of his music is “Peace and Harmony” and we sincerely hope it prevails.

Classical and Fusion Enlightenment with Ashish S Ashish Sinha is a development consultant and also into academics. However, he is better known as the Guitarist Ashish Sinha. He is constantly in touch with creating music and has recently come up with a self produced instrumental album titled: Mind Your Head, which is a crossover into the less chartered territory of Conceptual Music.

Ashish has been writing and recording original interpretations of traditional Nepali music. His unique left-handed guitar playing creates his signature experimental tunings, allowing him to effortlessly merge traditional and contemporary Nepali melodies. He performs on acoustic, electric as well as Nepali percussion. Shristi, the sole fusion act in the late nineties which popularized fusion music in Kathmandu was the brainchild of Ashish.

Ashish shares his knowledge on Fusion music with ECS.

Define Classical and Fusion Music
Classical music as I see it is music built by a certain regiment of a traditional society and civilization.  It is enshrined with structures and regulations.  It is a school in itself, and learning is systemic; only long term dedication or ‘tapasya’ leads to enlightenment for a classical musician. For us in Nepal, we generalize classical music in two categories: eastern and western.  The eastern is also widely generalized as South Asian classical, however, the classical music played in Nepal has its roots in North Indian classical music.  Western is obviously music born of western civilization.

What is fusion basically?
I read that John Mayer, a violinist of the London’s Royal Philharmonic Orchestra staged a program called the ‘Indo Jazz Fusion’ in the 60s.  The performance was based on experimenting with raga taals with western compositions and his manager Don Norman, who coined the term Fusion.

Fusion music is also in a way a space created to subside one’s desire to experience the ‘other side’.  Some Indian writer used a terminology, ‘Karma Cola’, which in a sense characterizes Fusion Music; the desire for western and eastern cultures to experience each other’s culture.

Fusion is a loosely defined term in Nepal and elsewhere.  For some, there are more preferable terminologies, such as ‘cross-over’ or world music.

What is the Relation between Classical & Fusion?
Actually relations are created by musicians themselves.  Classical as said earlier is a discipline in its own, and fusion is in a way created by taking usable concepts like musical structures, beat or taala and ‘fusing’ it, creating contemporary music that is friendlier to the ears.

Classical music has restrictions but fusion does not because it is basically improvised music. Do you agree?
When musicians from different musical background come together, the obvious inclination would be to agree on some musical base and then build upon it with improvisations based on his/her musical orientation.  Improvisation entails space for experimentation, where the musicians obviously feel elated.  The process of improvisation moves them towards frontier territory.  Improvisation is necessary in fusion music as musicians are playing with each other with a lack of proper stamping on each other’s music.  It is instantaneous; a ‘riff’ on the left a ‘rela’ on the right, and the brotherhood of musical cohesion is formed. Eastern classical music does have restrictions; however, at the same time it has lots of room for improvisation.  That’s the beauty of it.

If that is the case, is fusion music easier to perform?
There is some truth in what you have said.  As long as you are well versed in your craft, a good ear to judge and ‘loosely’ comprehend the ‘foreign’ musical structures and timbre of the instrument, you are safe. But most importantly, you need to ‘have the groove’.  As long as you’re not static (musically and personality wise), you can be a good fusion performer.

Performance of Fusion music can also be looked as whether it is collaborative or creative.  The latter is perhaps more painstaking and rewarding as it takes more effort in terms of research and performance, where as the collaborative aspect is more like ‘jamming’ between performers of different cultures with little rehearsals.

Why do people in the west appreciate classical, fusion and world music?
Basically, the ‘foreigners’ as we call in Nepal are the folks who love to travel and understand different cultures.  And obviously anybody with this interest will love classical and ethnic music as it portrays a good picture of any culture.

 Fusion music can be more likeable to some as it is friendlier to their ears; it has juxtaposition of western music.  Again, the instruments of the east are not that ‘alien’ to folks in the west, as bands like the Beatles have used them long time back…the name Ravi Shanker sounds familiar to many.  But again, it is for those who like to reach out for other cultures.  If you ask folks from say rural America – many could say country music still is all that matters!!

Breath of Music : Manose Singh
Perhaps the youngest of classical musicians who has made it into the international scenario would be Manose Singh who is vibrant, energetic and extremely talented. He carries a gifted persona though he confers more credit to his ear saying, “I play mostly by ear even though I studied classical raga music under the guidance of Madan Bhatta, a disciple of Ustad Bishmilallah Khan and at the Fine Arts College at Illahabad, India”.

His musical voyage started when he decided on making “Bansuri” – a bamboo flute, his focal instrument after hearing its haunting resonance one night at the age of 8. The poignant sound of the Bansuri mesmerized the young lad to such an extent that he constantly exercised five to six hours a day, emulating the music of Hariprasad Chaurasia, the authority on the instrument. Due to his demanding study with raga and his awe-inspiring ability to improvise, he has developed to be a versatile flutist who can collaborate with any variety of musical genres. He has no regrets for having made the choice. It not only has bought him fame and fortune but inner peace and stability too. His mission in life is to resurrect the value of the Bansuri within the Nepali society.

Manose resides in California and travels all around the globe with his music. His first international exposure was at the age of 18 when he travelled to Europe for the “Asian Music Festival” and has not looked back since. He performs almost 200 concerts around the world, a year. At present, he is a part of the ensemble “New Maihar Band” created by the living legend Ali Akbar Khan. He has performed and recorded with Grammy nominated fusion artist Jai Uttal and blue grass country great Peter Rowan. He has also crossed paths with singers Krishna Das, Deva Premal and Swapan Chowdary, the tabla maestro. He has performed in Canada, France, England, Switzerland, Germany, Hong Kong, Malaysia and recently Australia. He will be performing with the Chicago Children’s Choir in early 2006, depicting the Ramayana epic play.

His music is appreciated internationally due to the sound of heritage it transports. “I’m exotic out there” he quips and it could be one of the reasons for the accolades he receives. The sound of the Bansuri is chromatic with western instruments, when he fuses his music with theirs and that could be one of the other reasons,             cont....

Breath of Music cont....
he seriously says. He identifies himself as a musical ambassador of Nepal where ever he performs, enlightening the audience about the culture, heritage, music and people of Nepal. At present, he teaches the Bansuri, Tabala and Madal and gives lectures on Nepali music and culture in the United States.

Though living across the seven seas, he still manages time to be an essential part of the music development back home but opines with a hint of sadness in his voice about the deteriorating musical trade in Nepal. He sighs in disbelief concerning the plethora of duplicated CDs and the lack of decree from the authorities. At this threshold of his musical passage, he expresses gratitude to the expatriate community and ardent Nepali classical music fans for their musical appreciation and support and also for understanding the importance of buying genuine CDs, though a bit expensive.

Manose breathes life into the Bansuri and creates evocative music. Music for him is Worship.

For the Love of Musicinha : Bijaya Vaidya

“If all difficulties were known at the outset of a long journey, most of us would never start out at all” ~ Dan Rather with Peter Wyden

As a teenager, Bijaya Vaidya remembers his first concert at a local college along with one of the established bassists of Nepal, Daniel Karthak, where they fused the instruments of the east and west to the song Jealous Guy by John Lennon. His musical journey with his ever-faithful sitar to the present has been bitter sweet but has no qualms about it.

Bijaya Vaidya is an established sitar virtuoso and in his career has helped establish numerous musical and cultural academies in Nepal. Though a student of Humanities he has completed his Bachelors and Masters Degree in Music from Prayag Sangit Samitee Music Academy in Allahbad, India. As he is receptive to latest musical technologies, he is also regarded a proficient recording artist and performer. He has performed in most major cities around the globe and has been promoting all genre of music from eastern classical to aboriginal forms of music. Most of his performances are dedicated to charity and fund raising for social works. He practices the philosophy ‘selfless help and compassion’.

His association and performance with Louis Bertignac whom he considers his sound-technology teacher and Yannick Noah, perhaps the hottest performer in France, are the highlights of his career. His versatility to accommodate himself to the theme of any concert or music is a trait few can master. He has also performed Celtic music with Arz Nevez and will be performing with Deep Forrest soon. His broad musical itinerary is packed for the next couple of years but promises to take time out to entertain us locals.

He adores the respectful, patient, gentle and disciplined audience of the West who appreciate his music and performance. Though he yearns for the warmth and interactive approach of the locals, he is saddened by the misuse of his music and narrates an example while watching a televised program on cooking. His musical “Music of Peace” was playing in the background while the chef of the cooking program was chopping fish into dices. With contemplated words he explains that old papers and bottles are valued but not his music by the locals.



 

hamro music

Music of Nepal

Music of Nepal refers to the various musical genres and instruments of Nepal in one aspect. With more than forty ethnic diversities, the music of this country is highly dispersed. Although western genres like pop, rock, folk, and classical music exist, a huge number of such genres are yet to be cataloged. Many musical bands exist in Nepal, with a huge number located in Kathmandu - most of the recent ones focused in pop and rock.

Nowadays, Nepali music is leading towards the western pattern yet there are few potential to keep the original and ethnic music. Fact that cannot be denied is the trend towards western society and civilization is taking over Nepali music. One who sees Nepali music from outside can almost declare Nepali music is almost under the line of vision. However, there are some people and organizations, which are trying to preserve the ethnicity of Nepali music to present to the world.

With this report I’m trying to bring some ethnic musical instruments into spotlight that have their one vitality in Nepali music and history. Before categorizing these instruments, I would like to open up the history in brief from where music started to become a part of Nepali civilization.

History

Medieval Era
Medieval Era is the era when music start flourishing into notice in Nepal. Still it is believed music was present in Nepal long before. During this era, Nepal was not known as now’s Nepal. It was dispersed in different states with their own identities. Meanwhile, Kathmandu Valley was known as “Nepa De”, where there were still 3 different countries. The common between these countries is all of them were ruled by Malla kings and similar Newari languages were spoken yet different.

Newari Music believed to be developed and flourished during this era. The Malla kings were known for their interest in arts. Drama created during those era were accompanied by music. Many of the guthis of Kathmandu valley have their origin in this era. These guthis maintain the musical genres established during that era. Dapha music, a type of Newari bhajan is believed to have originated in this era.

The traditional Newari music has been arranged into a particular schedule. The most dominant form of traditional Newari music, 'Dapha' is a classical newari music that probably originated during late 'Lichhavi period' and flourished in the 'Malla period'. Basically, the songs of Dapha music are devotional songs based on classical ragas. Dapha music is played by bands known as 'Dapha Khalah' that may be associated with a traditional groups called 'guthi'. According to the ragas, certain songs are played at certain season or time of day. The songs generally describe or illustrate the mood of the particular season.

Modern History

The modern history is a very short one. At times when big and private music companies where mushrooming the Western cities, Kathmandu got its first radio station, Radio Nepal in the year 1952. Since then Radio Nepal has expanded to become the dominant radio station all over the country, which helped in the uprising of many key figures in the field, notably Narayan Gopal, Arun Thapa, Dharma Raj Thapa, Jhalak Man Gandarva, and in the female arena Koili Devi Mathema, Tara Devi, Aruna Lama. Not to mention, most of these musicians were trained by Indian classical veterans and thus bridging Nepali music close to Indian, especially to Northern Indian music.

Yet, there are lot of other ethnic music genres like ‘Khas Music’, ‘Gurung Music’, ‘Kirant Music’, Tamang Music’, ‘Magar Music’, ‘Sherpa Music’, ‘Maithili Music’, Bhojpuri Music’, and many other imported music which are supposed to be originated in Nepal and lies within Nepali music boundaries. Meanwhile, we can say Nepali indigenous cultures and music are the rock solid foundation of Nepali music. Considerably, these all music shares some kind of instruments within themselves still playing and producing different rhythm and pattern. Whilst, Indian music has the greatest most influences in Nepali music.

Instruments according to Classification

It is believed that there are about two hundred (200) types of original musical instruments in Nepal, and one hundred eight types (108) of musical instruments have been found till now.

These instruments can be classified into four classes according to Sangeet Shastra (Music Bible).

1. Membranophones - Dhimay, Dhah, Paschima, Madal etc.
2. Idiophones - Bhusyah, Chhusyah, TainNain etc.
3. Chordophones - Tungana, Sarangi, Ektare etc
4. Aerophones - Muhali, Murchunga, Bansuri etc.


Membranophones is musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification.

Idiophone is any musical instrument, which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument vibrating itself, without the use of strings or membranes. It is one of the four main divisions in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification. Idiophones are probably the oldest type of musical instrument (not counting the human voice). In the early classification of Victor Mahillon, this group of instruments was called autophones.

An aerophone is any musical instrument, which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound. It is one of the five main classes (class 4) of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification.

A chordophone is any musical instrument, which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points. It is one of the four main divisions of instruments in the original Hornbostel-Sachs scheme of musical instrument classification.

Membraphones

Damphu

Damphu is the most popular instrument in the Himalayan region and plays a crucial part in their gatherings, feasts and festivals with its remarkable sound. The Damphu produces bracing sound when it is played by beating it with a hand on the disc made of skin, which is about 15 inches in diameter and covers only on side. To hold the Damphu it has a handle, which has a thickness of about 3 inches. Wooden pins hold the disc and handle together.

Its can produce low bass sound as well as transient sound often used in down beats with a variation of bass sound in a pattern. The tempo in which the pattern flows depends upon the genre of music. Mostly in Himalayan region, it’s played much slower than lower region where tempo gives one to move with the rhythm.

Dhime


One of the characteristic and vital instrument that can be found in Newari Music is ‘Dhime’. It is considered as the oldest musical instruments amongst the Membranophones.

Even though there is no evidence that Mahadeva invented this instruments (as legend says) but there is evidence to support that it dates back to Kirat period. Presently, the Jyapu community mostly plays it. It resembles the Chyabrung of Kirat Rais and Dhola of Tharus.

Dhimay is constructed from cylindrical hollowed tree trunk with leather pads at both of its ends. Nowadays, Dhimays are frequently made of brass and other metals. The general size of Dhimay is 20" in length and 16" in diameter .Its left hand hide which sounds much higher is known as Nasah, whilst another hide is called Mankah or Haima. Mankah carries a tunning paste inside. Skin straps are used to fasten the skin on both ends, which can be seen running around the Dhime. It is played by beating the skin on both ends with a bamboo stick with spiral head on one side and using a hand on the other side.

Dhimay is accompanied with Bhusyah (a pair of cymbals). Chhusyah and TainNain are also played in some place. They are fund lost in dancing with deep rumble of Dhimay in festivals.

Dhimays are of two kinds: bigger Ma Dhimay and smaller Dhahcha Dhimay or Yalaypoh Dhimay. Dhimay has capacity to produce a multiple reverberating echo, which is its main feature.

Dha

This musical instrument is played by the Newar Buddhists specially Shakya and Kansakar community during Gunla. During this festival, devotees go to the famous Swoyombhunath temple every morning. The devotees may go alone or accompanying the group who go their playing traditional songs. Dha forms an integral part and is generally played by a group of 10 to 15 people.

Dha is cylindrical in shape and is about 15 inch long with skin covering both the ends. It is played by beating with the hand on one side and a wooden stick on the other side.

Dholak


The Dholak is a classical North Indian, Pakistani and Nepalese hand drum. A dholak may have traditional lacing or turnbuckle tuning. The dholak has a simple membrane and a handle on the right-hand side. The left-hand membrane has a special coating on the inner surface. This coating is a mixture of tar, clay and sand (dholak masala), which lowers the pitch and provides a well-defined tone.

The wood used for the membrane is usually made of teak wood, also known as "sheesham" wood. The process of hollowing out the drum is the determination of the sound and quality of the dholak.

A dholak has 2 heads a small part for the high pitch, and the large part is for the low pitch and it's pitched depending on size and tuning sounding like a bongo in playing mode.

Paschima

Myth says, Paschima was invented by Lord Krishna. This instrument is also known as Mridanga. It is a double-headed drum with tuning paste in on hide (Nasah) and dough made of wheat flour is plastered in the other hide (Mankah) before playing. Wooden blocks are used under the strap to tune the drums to definite pitch.

It has one of the complex rhythm patterns. Hence, to master a Paschima needs lots of practice and devotion.

Paschima is accompanied with Baboocha (thinner cymbals), Tah (thicker cymbal), Muhali (shwam) or Bansuri (flute).

Khin

Khin is the most important classical membranophone in Newar music. They are also known as daapaa as they are mainly used in Daapaa music. Khin is made of a hollow wooden trunk with membrane covering both sides. The right side is covered with cow skin and the left side is covered with goat-skin both with a black tuning paste called "Khau". The right hole of the trunk is narrower than the right one. The sound produced from the right side is sharper than the sound from left side. The fingers of both hands are used in playing the instrument. Normally, the size of Khin is 65cm X 30cm X 6cm (right) to 14cm (left).

Madal

The most renowned Nepali instrument is definitely the Madal which is popular in all parts of Nepal captivating anyone with the enthralling rhythmic sound that it produces. Played in almost every occasion such as marriage, feasts, major festivals like Dashain and Tihar, while playing dohoris or just a gathering, a madal is a must.

A madal is shaped like a circular glass with one end slightly smaller than the other. This instrument is made of Uttis wood. The two circular ends are covered with goatskin and are attached to the body by skin straps. Both the ends are covered with a black substance known as Khari. Khari is a mixture of cooked rice, paral ko dhulo. Kit mixed together. This helps to generate a distinct sound and gives the madal its individuality. The base or the larger end produces a low sound while the other end produces a higher pitched sound. A madal is available is different sizes.

Madal Taranga

As the name suggests Madal Taranga or Madal Wave is a combination of a set 7,14 or 21 madals put together and played in order to get different tunes. Different madals are chosen according to the desired note and plays in combination of notes at different time or same time.


Idiophones

Sarangi

Sarangi is the instrument played by the "Gandharba" caste. Though sarangi is not played by the Newars and also it can be taken the common Nepalese Music, Sarangi is an integral part of Newar music, which is played in Newar societies where the Gandharba caste resides.

Sarangi is a four-string instrument. These strings produce C, C and G, G notes. It is a bowing instrument i.e. it is played with a bow. One of the either notes are played with fundamental note in unison giving rich melody. It has got no fret boards or fingering frets. Notes are changed by putting fingers in-between and making the length of vibration short.

The structure of a Sarangi is very interesting. It has no joints and extra piece attached to create the body. No wondered, it is carved out of single block of Khhira wood whereas nowadays Saaj wood. A small hole is created sound to pass through the vibrating strings and small piece of skin to the cavity to amplify the sound. Wooden Key is used to tune the strings and a small piece of wooden block is used as a bridge on top of the skin piece. A bow with horsetail were used to bow the strings but now a days been replaced with nylon bow.

Tungana

The main attraction of a Tungna is the fascinating designs incorporates as well as the beautiful sound it makes. The designs mainly include astrological symbols of the community and dragon is carved in a very artistic manner.

The Himalayan region is where this instrument originated from and is very popular among the Sherpas. Prepared by the wood from a white rhododendron tree, which is found only above 3,500 feet. Due to the difficulty to get this wood, Tungna’s are now being produced using wood from a Salla trees. The strings were previously made by sheep’s intestine but now mostly are of badminton or tennis racket guts.

It is a perfect example of assortment of arts and music.

Ek-Tare

In Nepali the number one is known as Ek whereas Tare means strings. So as the name suggests this instrument consists of only one string. It is considered to be one of the most ancient instruments whose origin has been traced back to the ancient era. According to legend it was played by Narad Muni, the lord messenger.

Though it does not play any part in lead, it acts as a supporting instrument and provides continuous rhythm. As it has got only one string, it can play one note at a time. The flexible handle like body helps one to create interesting vibrato effects to the note played by squeezing.


Aerophones

Bansuri/Flute


Bansuri is made by bamboo with holes on it and it is blown from one end. It is a very popular instrument not only in Asia, but, to the whole world. The size of the bansuri differs according to its different scales. It has two scales the high scale and the low scale. The Bansuri with a low scale is big and thick whereas the one with the high scale is much smaller in comparison to the other one.

When a musical group performs the Bansuri usually plays the leading part. Murali is also a type of Bansuri which is made up of wood and its has a higher tone. The Murali is used in the Newari communities.

There are seven holes in a Bansuri. In the seven holes, one is used for blowing while the other six each have a relative note progression according to itself. In these six holes fingers are used to press or open the holes to get the desired note.

Muhali

Muhali is a conical bore shawm, which is played only by Jugi (Kusle) caste. Jugis are given Khanki (land) for playing Muhali in various occasions. There is a tradition to play Muhali everyday in Phalchas ,i.e. roofed rest places, which tradition is also known as Siwa Yayegu.

Muhali accompanies Dhah, Dapha Khin, Paschima, Nagara and others. Muhali solo is played in Digu puja.

Ponga

Ponga is a wind instrument made of copper. It is usually used in the festivals and jatras of the Newar community. It is played accompanying a Dhime and Nayokhin. This instrument is played in pairs. A straight bamboo stick is used for support the Ponga to keep it in air facing upwards. It comprises of many different parts, which have to be joined together when in use. When all these parts are put together its length is almost 4 to 5 feet.

Kanh


Kanh is an instrument, which is very important in Tibetan rituals. While different pujas are performed in Gumba and Chaityas etc it is an essential instrument. To produce sound it is blown and usually played in pairs. Its average length is about 5 to10 feet. It has more distinct low sound compared to Ponga. Most often, its top end is rested on top of a small table and other end is holded on hand by the blower near to the blowing opening or mouth-piece.

Nekoo

Nekoo or horn instrument is the oldest form of musical instruments in the globe. It is played during Gunla month. There are various types of Nekoo, Chatti Nekoo, Thika Nekoo, for instance.

Sankha

Sankha or konch is an ancient instrument found in nature. It is believed that playing of Sankha bring good lucks when starting any new work. It is also played in different worship.


Idiophones

Murchunga


According to ancient myth, the Murchunga is shaped like the base of a Shivalinga. Due to its small size it was very convenient to carry it anywhere. As it was also easy to play people carried it almost everywhere they went and so its popularity increased. A Murchunga is generally played for ones personal satisfaction. However, use of this has been remarkably found in modern songs as well.s

To play a Murchunga, the index and middle finger are placed on the upper and lower jaw respectively while the middle part lies in the open space. The stem in the middle in moved back and forth. The vibration of the stem and the hollowness of the mouth cause sound to be created. These are usually made of iron and now can be found one made of copper.

Tinchhu

This instrument is also known as Taa. This name must have been given to it as that is the kind of sound produced by it. It is quite similar to a Jhyamta but is smaller and has more thickness.

This instrument is mostly used by the Newar community especially in Bhajans and is played along with a Khin.

Bhusyaha

Bhusyaha is a large pair of cymbals that accompanies mainly dhimay and dhah. This cymbal is thinner in compare to Tah and Baboocha.


These instruments are important part of Nepali music carrying their own identities and distinguished sound. No matter how many people knows these ancient instruments passed on through our forefathers, they are often been proving to be good mediums to express and successes in remarking one’s feeling towards the world.

For example, Nuchhehhe Man Dangol was remarked as one of the best drummer of the world in early 2000, for his creation using different indigenous instruments and creating new approach. He is a rhythmiest specialized in percussions.

Moreover, in aspect of structure and material, instruments are commonly built up by the raw materials available in particular society, which makes people easier to built themselves. On this process, the shape and size of the instrument may not resemble to the original one and thus giving their own identity with some peculiar sound.

Hence, for me traditional culture and instruments are not a part of history, they are made to study and improvise new type of music on them. And, Nepal a wonderland with many diversity let’s me behold in its music and play with its variety.

difference between modern and historical music


Medieval era
Newari Music developed and flourished during this era. The Malla kings were known for their interest in arts. Drama created during those era are accompanied by music. Many of the guthis of Kathmandu valley have their origin in this era. These guthis maintain the musical genres established during that era. Dāpā music, a type of Newari bhajan is believed to have originated in this era.
Modern history
The modern history is a very short one. At times when big and private music companies where mushrooming the Western cities, Kathmandu got its first radio station, Radio Nepal in the year 1952. Since then Radio Nepal has expanded to become the dominant radio station all over the country, which helped in the uprising of many key figures in the field, notably Shiva Shankar, Natikaji, Narayan Gopal, Arun Thapa Magar (also known as Arun Thapa), Dharma Raj Thapa, Jhalak Man Gandarva, and in the female arena Koili Devi Mathema, Tara Devi, Aruna Lama.
Those music genres which have roots in Nepal can be considered as indigenous Nepalese music. This includes:-
Newari music
Main article: Newari Music
Deuda Music
Deuda is one type of music having variety of genre including Thadi Bhakha, Raheri and other, presented in western region of Nepal. Specially this type of music present in Sudur paschim, and many regions of madhya-paschim.
Gurung Music
The Gurung have a very rich tradition of music and culture. Gurungs have an ancient tradition of Rodhi where young people meet, sing and dance to folk songs, and share their views. Young men and women at Rodhi often sing call-and-response songs called dohori, which are largely improvised. Some musical dances like Ghantu and Chudka are still in existence, and are still performed in many Gurung villages. These dances are many hundreds of years old, and are performed either solo or in a group. Music also plays a big role in the Gurung ritual of Argum, which is performed when someone in the community dies.
These traditions are still very much alive in rural Gurung villages. Gurung films are also popularizing some of these songs and dances.
Kirant Music
The Yakthungs (Limbu) have various forms of dance, songs and musical instruments. Of them, Dhaan Nach (paddy dance) and Chya:brung (Dhol Nach "drum dance") are popular symbolics. Rais celebrate Sakela and Sakewa which are also known as Chandi Naach. Many form of their dance involve rituals or religious offerings towards Mundhum (native Kiranti religion). Traditional dance and songs are also practiced for weddings, festivals or simply gatherings.
Tamang Music
Tamang community is well known for Damphu, traditional instrument. Tamang selo music is based on the usage of Damphu and Tungna. It is said that British people got an idea of making Drum Sets from Damphu during their stay at India. Western and Indian instruments are also found in some modern Tamang Selo music. Recently due to the re-mixing trend of classic Nepali songs, Tamang Selo tuned songs like changba hoi changba, Man chadey Maichyang lai have been a hit in Nepali radio stations. Also, Modern artists like Sindhu Malla, Raju Lama,[1] Avinash Ghising, Roj Moktan, Bijay Lama, etc. have used Tamang Selo tunes in their songs and those songs have also been a hit.
Magar Music
Salai Jo and Sorathi are the two unique and exclusive musical genre of Magar music.
Sherpa Music
Maithili Music
Imported Music
The musical genres which was introduced to Nepal from outside and thrived here can be considered as imported music. This contains:-
Nepali Music
  • Bhajan
  • Filmi music
Dohori
In Nepal there are different kind of music. Among them one cultural type of song is called dohori. Dohori is Nepali Folk song. This is unique type of song in world. Dohoro means from two side,or a debate. This debate is in rhythm, and involves quick and witty poetry.The two teams in Dohori usually involves boys in one group girls in the other.The song is started with a question usually from the boys side. The girl follows the question with a quick response and continues the musical conversation. Dohori songs can last for long time. The length of the Dohari depends on the quick thinking ability of the players. Some Doharis have lasted as long as seven days. People celebrate the entire night singing the Dohari.They start singing in evening and end at dawn. Love and marriage are usually the topic of the debate. The male expresses his love or feelings to the girl in the song and girl may or may not respond positively for various reasons.
An example of one Dohori conversation is given below:
Boy-Hey girl you are beautiful with long hair
   Give your life to me and of you I will take care.
Girl-How can you ask for my life I am worried
    I have two child and I am already married.
Boy- Come with me I will take care of your child and you
    I will always love you, don't worry we won't have child anew
Girl-Hey don't talk nonsense,I am not your and never be
    Beware, of my husband's kick who is sitting behind me

Medieval era
Newari Music developed and flourished during this era. The Malla kings were known for their interest in arts. Drama created during those era are accompanied by music. Many of the guthis of Kathmandu valley have their origin in this era. These guthis maintain the musical genres established during that era. Dāpā music, a type of Newari bhajan is believed to have originated in this era.
Modern history
The modern history is a very short one. At times when big and private music companies where mushrooming the Western cities, Kathmandu got its first radio station, Radio Nepal in the year 1952. Since then Radio Nepal has expanded to become the dominant radio station all over the country, which helped in the uprising of many key figures in the field, notably Shiva Shankar, Natikaji, Narayan Gopal, Arun Thapa Magar (also known as Arun Thapa), Dharma Raj Thapa, Jhalak Man Gandarva, and in the female arena Koili Devi Mathema, Tara Devi, Aruna Lama.
Those music genres which have roots in Nepal can be considered as indigenous Nepalese music. This includes:-
Newari music
Main article: Newari Music
Deuda Music
Deuda is one type of music having variety of genre including Thadi Bhakha, Raheri and other, presented in western region of Nepal. Specially this type of music present in Sudur paschim, and many regions of madhya-paschim.
Gurung Music
The Gurung have a very rich tradition of music and culture. Gurungs have an ancient tradition of Rodhi where young people meet, sing and dance to folk songs, and share their views. Young men and women at Rodhi often sing call-and-response songs called dohori, which are largely improvised. Some musical dances like Ghantu and Chudka are still in existence, and are still performed in many Gurung villages. These dances are many hundreds of years old, and are performed either solo or in a group. Music also plays a big role in the Gurung ritual of Argum, which is performed when someone in the community dies.
These traditions are still very much alive in rural Gurung villages. Gurung films are also popularizing some of these songs and dances.
Kirant Music
The Yakthungs (Limbu) have various forms of dance, songs and musical instruments. Of them, Dhaan Nach (paddy dance) and Chya:brung (Dhol Nach "drum dance") are popular symbolics. Rais celebrate Sakela and Sakewa which are also known as Chandi Naach. Many form of their dance involve rituals or religious offerings towards Mundhum (native Kiranti religion). Traditional dance and songs are also practiced for weddings, festivals or simply gatherings.
Tamang Music
Tamang community is well known for Damphu, traditional instrument. Tamang selo music is based on the usage of Damphu and Tungna. It is said that British people got an idea of making Drum Sets from Damphu during their stay at India. Western and Indian instruments are also found in some modern Tamang Selo music. Recently due to the re-mixing trend of classic Nepali songs, Tamang Selo tuned songs like changba hoi changba, Man chadey Maichyang lai have been a hit in Nepali radio stations. Also, Modern artists like Sindhu Malla, Raju Lama,[1] Avinash Ghising, Roj Moktan, Bijay Lama, etc. have used Tamang Selo tunes in their songs and those songs have also been a hit.
Magar Music
Salai Jo and Sorathi are the two unique and exclusive musical genre of Magar music.
Sherpa Music
Maithili Music
Imported Music
The musical genres which was introduced to Nepal from outside and thrived here can be considered as imported music. This contains:-
Nepali Music
  • Bhajan
  • Filmi music
Dohori
In Nepal there are different kind of music. Among them one cultural type of song is called dohori. Dohori is Nepali Folk song. This is unique type of song in world. Dohoro means from two side,or a debate. This debate is in rhythm, and involves quick and witty poetry.The two teams in Dohori usually involves boys in one group girls in the other.The song is started with a question usually from the boys side. The girl follows the question with a quick response and continues the musical conversation. Dohori songs can last for long time. The length of the Dohari depends on the quick thinking ability of the players. Some Doharis have lasted as long as seven days. People celebrate the entire night singing the Dohari.They start singing in evening and end at dawn. Love and marriage are usually the topic of the debate. The male expresses his love or feelings to the girl in the song and girl may or may not respond positively for various reasons.
An example of one Dohori conversation is given below:
Boy-Hey girl you are beautiful with long hair
   Give your life to me and of you I will take care.
Girl-How can you ask for my life I am worried
    I have two child and I am already married.
Boy- Come with me I will take care of your child and you
    I will always love you, don't worry we won't have child anew
Girl-Hey don't talk nonsense,I am not your and never be
    Beware, of my husband's kick who is sitting behind me